Module:TableTools
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This module includes a number of functions for dealing with Lua tables. It is a meta-module, meant to be called from other Lua modules, and should not be called directly from #invoke.
Loading the module
To use any of the functions, first you must load the module.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local TableTools = require('Module:TableTools') </syntaxhighlight>
isPositiveInteger
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.isPositiveInteger(value) </syntaxhighlight>
Returns true if value is a positive integer, and false if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is useful for determining whether a given table key is in the array part or the hash part of a table.
isNan
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.isNan(value) </syntaxhighlight>
Returns true if value is a NaN value, and false if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is useful for determining whether a value can be a valid table key. (Lua will generate an error if a NaN value is used as a table key.)
shallowClone
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.shallowClone(t) </syntaxhighlight>
Returns a clone of a table. The value returned is a new table, but all subtables and functions are shared. Metamethods are respected, but the returned table will have no metatable of its own. If you want to make a new table with no shared subtables and with metatables transferred, you can use mw.clone instead. If you want to make a new table with no shared subtables and without metatables transferred, use deepCopy with the noMetatable option.
removeDuplicates
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.removeDuplicates(t) </syntaxhighlight>
Removes duplicate values from an array. This function is only designed to work with standard arrays: keys that are not positive integers are ignored, as are all values after the first nil value. (For arrays containing nil values, you can use compressSparseArray first.) The function tries to preserve the order of the array: the earliest non-unique value is kept, and all subsequent duplicate values are removed. For example, for the table <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">{5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 2, 2, 1}</syntaxhighlight> removeDuplicates will return <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">{5, 4, 3, 2, 1}</syntaxhighlight>.
numKeys
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.numKeys(t) </syntaxhighlight>
Takes a table t and returns an array containing the numbers of any positive integer keys that have non-nil values, sorted in numerical order. For example, for the table <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">{'foo', nil, 'bar', 'baz', a = 'b'}</syntaxhighlight>, numKeys will return <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">{1, 3, 4}</syntaxhighlight>.
affixNums
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.affixNums(t, prefix, suffix) </syntaxhighlight>
Takes a table t and returns an array containing the numbers of keys with the optional prefix prefix and the optional suffix suffix. For example, for the table <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">{a1 = 'foo', a3 = 'bar', a6 = 'baz'}</syntaxhighlight> and the prefix 'a', affixNums will return <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">{1, 3, 6}</syntaxhighlight>. All characters in prefix and suffix are interpreted literally.
numData
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.numData(t, compress) </syntaxhighlight>
Given a table with keys like "foo1", "bar1", "foo2", and "baz2", returns a table of subtables in the format <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">{ [1] = {foo = 'text', bar = 'text'}, [2] = {foo = 'text', baz = 'text'} }</syntaxhighlight>. Keys that don't end with an integer are stored in a subtable named "other". The compress option compresses the table so that it can be iterated over with ipairs.
compressSparseArray
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.compressSparseArray(t) </syntaxhighlight>
Takes an array t with one or more nil values, and removes the nil values while preserving the order, so that the array can be safely traversed with ipairs. Any keys that are not positive integers are removed. For example, for the table <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">{1, nil, foo = 'bar', 3, 2}</syntaxhighlight>, compressSparseArray will return <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">{1, 3, 2}</syntaxhighlight>.
sparseIpairs
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.sparseIpairs(t) </syntaxhighlight>
This is an iterator function for traversing a sparse array t. It is similar to ipairs, but will continue to iterate until the highest numerical key, whereas ipairs may stop after the first nil value. Any keys that are not positive integers are ignored.
Usually sparseIpairs is used in a generic for loop.
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> for i, v in TableTools.sparseIpairs(t) do
-- code block
end </syntaxhighlight>
Note that sparseIpairs uses the pairs function in its implementation. Although some table keys appear to be ignored, all table keys are accessed when it is run.
size
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.size(t) </syntaxhighlight>
Finds the size of a key/value pair table. For example, for the table <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">{foo = 'foo', bar = 'bar'}</syntaxhighlight>, size will return 2. The function will also work on arrays, but for arrays it is more efficient to use the # operator. Note that to find the table size, this function uses the pairs function to iterate through all of the table keys.
keysToList
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.keysToList(t, keySort, checked) </syntaxhighlight>
Returns a list of the keys in a table, sorted using either a default comparison function or a custom keySort function, which follows the same rules as the comp function supplied to table.sort. If keySort is false, no sorting is done. Set checked to true to skip the internal type checking.
sortedPairs
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.sortedPairs(t, keySort) </syntaxhighlight>
Iterates through a table, with the keys sorted using the keysToList function. If there are only numerical keys, sparseIpairs is probably more efficient.
isArray
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.isArray(value) </syntaxhighlight>
Returns true if value is a table and all keys are consecutive integers starting at 1.
isArrayLike
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.isArrayLike(value) </syntaxhighlight>
Returns true if value is iterable and all keys are consecutive integers starting at 1.
invert
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.invert(arr) </syntaxhighlight>
Transposes the keys and values in an array. For example, <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">invert{ "a", "b", "c" }</syntaxhighlight> yields <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">{ a=1, b=2, c=3 }</syntaxhighlight>.
listToSet
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.listToSet(arr) </syntaxhighlight>
Creates a set from the array part of the table arr. Indexing the set by any of the values of the array returns true. For example, <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">listToSet{ "a", "b", "c" }</syntaxhighlight> yields <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">{ a=true, b=true, c=true }</syntaxhighlight>. See also Module:Lua set for more advanced ways to create a set.
deepCopy
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.deepCopy(orig, noMetatable, alreadySeen) </syntaxhighlight>
Creates a copy of the table orig. As with mw.clone, all values that are not functions are duplicated and the identity of tables is preserved. If noMetatable is true, then the metatable (if any) is not copied. Can copy tables loaded with mw.loadData.
Similar to mw.clone, but mw.clone cannot copy tables loaded with mw.loadData and does not allow metatables not to be copied.
sparseConcat
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.sparseConcat(t, sep, i, j) </syntaxhighlight>
Concatenates all values in the table that are indexed by a positive integer, in order. For example, <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">sparseConcat{ "a", nil, "c", "d" }</syntaxhighlight> yields <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">"acd"</syntaxhighlight> and <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">sparseConcat{ nil, "b", "c", "d" }</syntaxhighlight> yields <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">"bcd"</syntaxhighlight>.
length
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.length(t, prefix) </syntaxhighlight>
Finds the length of an array or of a quasi-array with keys with an optional prefix such as "data1", "data2", etc. It uses an exponential search algorithm to find the length, so as to use as few table lookups as possible.
This algorithm is useful for arrays that use metatables (e.g. frame.args) and for quasi-arrays. For normal arrays, just use the # operator, as it is implemented in C and will be quicker.
inArray
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.inArray(arr, valueToFind) </syntaxhighlight>
Returns true if valueToFind is a member of the array arr, and false otherwise.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- TableTools --
-- --
-- This module includes a number of functions for dealing with Lua tables. --
-- It is a meta-module, meant to be called from other Lua modules, and should not --
-- be called directly from #invoke. --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil')
local p = {}
-- Define often-used variables and functions.
local floor = math.floor
local infinity = math.huge
local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType
local checkTypeMulti = libraryUtil.checkTypeMulti
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- isPositiveInteger
--
-- This function returns true if the given value is a positive integer, and false
-- if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is
-- useful for determining whether a given table key is in the array part or the
-- hash part of a table.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.isPositiveInteger(v)
return type(v) == 'number' and v >= 1 and floor(v) == v and v < infinity
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- isNan
--
-- This function returns true if the given number is a NaN value, and false if
-- not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is useful
-- for determining whether a value can be a valid table key. Lua will generate an
-- error if a NaN is used as a table key.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.isNan(v)
return type(v) == 'number' and v ~= v
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- shallowClone
--
-- This returns a clone of a table. The value returned is a new table, but all
-- subtables and functions are shared. Metamethods are respected, but the returned
-- table will have no metatable of its own.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.shallowClone(t)
checkType('shallowClone', 1, t, 'table')
local ret = {}
for k, v in pairs(t) do
ret[k] = v
end
return ret
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- removeDuplicates
--
-- This removes duplicate values from an array. Non-positive-integer keys are
-- ignored. The earliest value is kept, and all subsequent duplicate values are
-- removed, but otherwise the array order is unchanged.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.removeDuplicates(arr)
checkType('removeDuplicates', 1, arr, 'table')
local isNan = p.isNan
local ret, exists = {}, {}
for _, v in ipairs(arr) do
if isNan(v) then
-- NaNs can't be table keys, and they are also unique, so we don't need to check existence.
ret[#ret + 1] = v
else
if not exists[v] then
ret[#ret + 1] = v
exists[v] = true
end
end
end
return ret
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- numKeys
--
-- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of any numerical
-- keys that have non-nil values, sorted in numerical order.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.numKeys(t)
checkType('numKeys', 1, t, 'table')
local isPositiveInteger = p.isPositiveInteger
local nums = {}
for k in pairs(t) do
if isPositiveInteger(k) then
nums[#nums + 1] = k
end
end
table.sort(nums)
return nums
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- affixNums
--
-- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of keys with the
-- specified prefix and suffix. For example, for the table
-- {a1 = 'foo', a3 = 'bar', a6 = 'baz'} and the prefix "a", affixNums will return
-- {1, 3, 6}.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.affixNums(t, prefix, suffix)
checkType('affixNums', 1, t, 'table')
checkType('affixNums', 2, prefix, 'string', true)
checkType('affixNums', 3, suffix, 'string', true)
local function cleanPattern(s)
-- Cleans a pattern so that the magic characters ()%.[]*+-?^$ are interpreted literally.
return s:gsub('([%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%^%$])', '%%%1')
end
prefix = prefix or ''
suffix = suffix or ''
prefix = cleanPattern(prefix)
suffix = cleanPattern(suffix)
local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$'
local nums = {}
for k in pairs(t) do
if type(k) == 'string' then
local num = mw.ustring.match(k, pattern)
if num then
nums[#nums + 1] = tonumber(num)
end
end
end
table.sort(nums)
return nums
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- numData
--
-- Given a table with keys like {"foo1", "bar1", "foo2", "baz2"}, returns a table
-- of subtables in the format
-- {[1] = {foo = 'text', bar = 'text'}, [2] = {foo = 'text', baz = 'text'}}.
-- Keys that don't end with an integer are stored in a subtable named "other". The
-- compress option compresses the table so that it can be iterated over with
-- ipairs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.numData(t, compress)
checkType('numData', 1, t, 'table')
checkType('numData', 2, compress, 'boolean', true)
local ret = {}
for k, v in pairs(t) do
local prefix, num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^([^0-9]*)([1-9][0-9]*)$')
if num then
num = tonumber(num)
local subtable = ret[num] or {}
if prefix == '' then
-- Positional parameters match the blank string; put them at the start of the subtable instead.
prefix = 1
end
subtable[prefix] = v
ret[num] = subtable
else
local subtable = ret.other or {}
subtable[k] = v
ret.other = subtable
end
end
if compress then
local other = ret.other
ret = p.compressSparseArray(ret)
ret.other = other
end
return ret
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- compressSparseArray
--
-- This takes an array with one or more nil values, and removes the nil values
-- while preserving the order, so that the array can be safely traversed with
-- ipairs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.compressSparseArray(t)
checkType('compressSparseArray', 1, t, 'table')
local ret = {}
local nums = p.numKeys(t)
for _, num in ipairs(nums) do
ret[#ret + 1] = t[num]
end
return ret
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- sparseIpairs
--
-- This is an iterator for sparse arrays. It can be used like ipairs, but can
-- handle nil values.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.sparseIpairs(t)
checkType('sparseIpairs', 1, t, 'table')
local nums = p.numKeys(t)
local i = 0
local lim = #nums
return function ()
i = i + 1
if i <= lim then
local key = nums[i]
return key, t[key]
else
return nil, nil
end
end
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- size
--
-- This returns the size of a key/value pair table. It will also work on arrays,
-- but for arrays it is more efficient to use the # operator.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.size(t)
checkType('size', 1, t, 'table')
local i = 0
for _ in pairs(t) do
i = i + 1
end
return i
end
local function defaultKeySort(item1, item2)
-- "number" < "string", so numbers will be sorted before strings.
local type1, type2 = type(item1), type(item2)
if type1 ~= type2 then
return type1 < type2
elseif type1 == 'table' or type1 == 'boolean' or type1 == 'function' then
return tostring(item1) < tostring(item2)
else
return item1 < item2
end
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- keysToList
--
-- Returns an array of the keys in a table, sorted using either a default
-- comparison function or a custom keySort function.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.keysToList(t, keySort, checked)
if not checked then
checkType('keysToList', 1, t, 'table')
checkTypeMulti('keysToList', 2, keySort, {'function', 'boolean', 'nil'})
end
local arr = {}
local index = 1
for k in pairs(t) do
arr[index] = k
index = index + 1
end
if keySort ~= false then
keySort = type(keySort) == 'function' and keySort or defaultKeySort
table.sort(arr, keySort)
end
return arr
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- sortedPairs
--
-- Iterates through a table, with the keys sorted using the keysToList function.
-- If there are only numerical keys, sparseIpairs is probably more efficient.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.sortedPairs(t, keySort)
checkType('sortedPairs', 1, t, 'table')
checkType('sortedPairs', 2, keySort, 'function', true)
local arr = p.keysToList(t, keySort, true)
local i = 0
return function ()
i = i + 1
local key = arr[i]
if key ~= nil then
return key, t[key]
else
return nil, nil
end
end
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- isArray
--
-- Returns true if the given value is a table and all keys are consecutive
-- integers starting at 1.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.isArray(v)
if type(v) ~= 'table' then
return false
end
local i = 0
for _ in pairs(v) do
i = i + 1
if v[i] == nil then
return false
end
end
return true
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- isArrayLike
--
-- Returns true if the given value is iterable and all keys are consecutive
-- integers starting at 1.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.isArrayLike(v)
if not pcall(pairs, v) then
return false
end
local i = 0
for _ in pairs(v) do
i = i + 1
if v[i] == nil then
return false
end
end
return true
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- invert
--
-- Transposes the keys and values in an array. For example, {"a", "b", "c"} ->
-- {a = 1, b = 2, c = 3}. Duplicates are not supported (result values refer to
-- the index of the last duplicate) and NaN values are ignored.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.invert(arr)
checkType("invert", 1, arr, "table")
local isNan = p.isNan
local map = {}
for i, v in ipairs(arr) do
if not isNan(v) then
map[v] = i
end
end
return map
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- listToSet
--
-- Creates a set from the array part of the table. Indexing the set by any of the
-- values of the array returns true. For example, {"a", "b", "c"} ->
-- {a = true, b = true, c = true}. NaN values are ignored as Lua considers them
-- never equal to any value (including other NaNs or even themselves).
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.listToSet(arr)
checkType("listToSet", 1, arr, "table")
local isNan = p.isNan
local set = {}
for _, v in ipairs(arr) do
if not isNan(v) then
set[v] = true
end
end
return set
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- deepCopy
--
-- Recursive deep copy function. Preserves identities of subtables.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
local function _deepCopy(orig, includeMetatable, already_seen)
-- Stores copies of tables indexed by the original table.
already_seen = already_seen or {}
local copy = already_seen[orig]
if copy ~= nil then
return copy
end
if type(orig) == 'table' then
copy = {}
for orig_key, orig_value in pairs(orig) do
copy[_deepCopy(orig_key, includeMetatable, already_seen)] = _deepCopy(orig_value, includeMetatable, already_seen)
end
already_seen[orig] = copy
if includeMetatable then
local mt = getmetatable(orig)
if mt ~= nil then
local mt_copy = _deepCopy(mt, includeMetatable, already_seen)
setmetatable(copy, mt_copy)
already_seen[mt] = mt_copy
end
end
else -- number, string, boolean, etc
copy = orig
end
return copy
end
function p.deepCopy(orig, noMetatable, already_seen)
checkType("deepCopy", 3, already_seen, "table", true)
return _deepCopy(orig, not noMetatable, already_seen)
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- sparseConcat
--
-- Concatenates all values in the table that are indexed by a number, in order.
-- sparseConcat{a, nil, c, d} => "acd"
-- sparseConcat{nil, b, c, d} => "bcd"
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.sparseConcat(t, sep, i, j)
local arr = {}
local arr_i = 0
for _, v in p.sparseIpairs(t) do
arr_i = arr_i + 1
arr[arr_i] = v
end
return table.concat(arr, sep, i, j)
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- length
--
-- Finds the length of an array, or of a quasi-array with keys such as "data1",
-- "data2", etc., using an exponential search algorithm. It is similar to the
-- operator #, but may return a different value when there are gaps in the array
-- portion of the table. Intended to be used on data loaded with mw.loadData. For
-- other tables, use #.
-- Note: #frame.args in frame object always be set to 0, regardless of the number
-- of unnamed template parameters, so use this function for frame.args.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.length(t, prefix)
-- requiring module inline so that [[Module:Exponential search]] which is
-- only needed by this one function doesn't get millions of transclusions
local expSearch = require("Module:Exponential search")
checkType('length', 1, t, 'table')
checkType('length', 2, prefix, 'string', true)
return expSearch(function (i)
local key
if prefix then
key = prefix .. tostring(i)
else
key = i
end
return t[key] ~= nil
end) or 0
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- inArray
--
-- Returns true if valueToFind is a member of the array, and false otherwise.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.inArray(arr, valueToFind)
checkType("inArray", 1, arr, "table")
-- if valueToFind is nil, error?
for _, v in ipairs(arr) do
if v == valueToFind then
return true
end
end
return false
end
return p